The Sulcata Tortoise (Centrochelys sulcata), also known as the African Spurred Tortoise, is the third-largest tortoise species in the world, and the largest species native to mainland Africa. Adult Sulcatas can reach an impressive size, with some individuals weighing up to 200 pounds and growing over 30 inches in length. These tortoises are well adapted to arid environments, primarily inhabiting the southern edge of the Sahara Desert in countries such as Chad, Sudan, and Ethiopia. Their tough, spurred legs, from which they derive their name, allow them to dig extensive burrows to escape the heat of the desert, sometimes as deep as 10 feet. These burrows help the tortoises stay cool during the hottest parts of the day and allow them access to more humid conditions underground.

Another fascinating aspect of the Sulcata Tortoise is its remarkable ability to survive in extremely harsh, dry conditions. Their diet in the wild consists mainly of fibrous plants such as grasses and succulents, which provide both nutrition and water content. Sulcatas can go for long periods without drinking water, deriving moisture from their food and conserving water through their highly efficient kidneys. However, they will eagerly drink and even soak themselves when water is available. In captivity, Sulcata Tortoises require a diet high in fiber and low in protein to avoid health issues like pyramiding of the shell. Despite their size and strength, Sulcatas are known for their gentle and inquisitive nature, making them popular pets, although their large space requirements and long lifespan, often over 70 years, make them a commitment that not everyone can handle.